Principles of Piezoelectric Technology

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From Piezoelectric Effects to Laminated Ceramics

1880

The Curie brothers discovered the piezo effect.

1947

The piezo effect of BaTiO3 was discovered.

1954

Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) was discovered and has became the most widely used piezoceramic material.

1990s

Laminated ceramics have been widely applied.

Piezoelectric Effect

Applying pressure generates electricity, and applying electricity causes deformation

1. Mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy.
When certain materials are subjected to pressure or tension along specific directions, electric charges appear on two opposite surfaces as deformation occurs; when the external force is removed and the deformation disappears, the material returns to an uncharged state.
2. Electrical energy is converted into mechanical energy.
Conversely, applying an electric field in the polarization direction (on the two surfaces where charges are generated) causes mechanical deformation.These two phenomena are like how engines and motors achieve mutual conversion between electrical and mechanical energy.
These two phenomena are like how engines and motors achieve mutual conversion between electrical and mechanical energy.